Question

What are the functions of Parapodia & Nephridia?

Answer 1

Parapodia

1. The term parapodium refers to lateral protrusions or outgrowths from the body of invertebrates.
2. Parapodia are paired, unjointed lateral outgrowths that bear the chaetae.
3. They are most commonly found in annelids.
   

Nephridia

1. The nephridium is a pair of invertebrate organs that perform a function comparable to that of vertebrate kidneys.
   

Functions:

1. In many primitive invertebrates, like the amphioxus, the nephridium is a unit of the excretory system that expels wastes from the body cavity to the (typically watery) environment.
2. Parapodia are the fleshy protrusions on the sides of some marine gastropods. In marine butterflies, they are very well-developed.
3. Some sea hares swim with their parapodia. '
4. Parapodia can also be utilized for breathing (much like gills) and movement.