Question

What are the functions of the following:
1.PONS
2. CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES

Answer 1

1)The pons is a portion of the brain located above the medulla oblongata and below the midbrain. It serves several important functions as it serves as a bridge between various parts of the nervous system, including the cerebellum and cerebrum. There are many important nerves that originate in the pons. The trigeminal nerve is responsible for feeling in the face as well as controlling the muscles that are responsible for biting, chewing, and swallowing. The abducens nerve allows the eyes to look from side to side. The facial nerve controls facial expressions, and the vestibular cochlear nerve allows sound to move from the ear to the brain. All of these nerves start in the pons. As part of the brainstem, the pons also affects several automatic functions necessary for life. A section of the lower pons stimulates and controls the intensity of breathing, and a section of the upper pons decreases the depth and frequency of breaths. The pons has also been associated with the control of sleep cycles. Additionally, the pons is also associated with the brain stem and the things it controls like respiration and reflexes.
2)

The left hemisphere controls the right half of the body, and vice-versa, because of a crossing of the nerve fibers in the medulla.

Although the right and left hemispheres seem to be a mirror image of one another, there are important functional distinctions. In most people, for example, the areas that control speech are located in the left hemisphere, while areas that govern spatial perceptions reside in the right hemisphere.