What are the functions of various phytohormones?
Plant Hormones or phytohormones are plant growth regulators. They are only required in small amounts but it is necessary for the functioning of plants.
There are several plant hormones namely Auxins, Cytokinins, Gibberellins, Abscisic Acid, Ethylene.
Auxins: It helps in cell enlargement, apical dominance. It also prevents from bending, promotes xylem differentiation and healing of plant wounds. Applications include root initiation in callus during plant tissue culture, induction of parthenocarpy, etc.
Cytokinins : It promotes cell division, apical dominance, delay in aging, phloem transport, accumulation of salts, female flowers production. It helps in increasing the resistance to extreme temperatures and diseases. Applications include stem initiation in the callus during plant tissue culture and the development of disease resistant varieties in genetically modified crops.
Gibberellins : This promotes the fruit size, inter-nodal elongation and seed germination. Applications include production of male flowers on genetically female plants and increase in the breaking dormancy of seed, bud, tuber etc.
Abscisic Acid : It helps in the abscission of leaves and helps in reducing transpiration, inhibiting cambium activity and icreasing the bud dormancy in seed during winter. It also improves the seed development and maturation, induces flowering and helps in synthesis of carotenoids in green organs.
Ethylene : It inhibits stem elongation, promotes fruit ripening, increases the girth of the stem, reduces the speed of senescence and abscission of leaves. Applications include artificial ripening of fruits and sprouting of storage organs.
Plant Hormones or phytohormones are plant growth regulators. They are only required in small amounts but it is necessary for the functioning of plants.
There are several plant hormones namely Auxins, Cytokinins, Gibberellins, Abscisic Acid, Ethylene.
Auxins: It helps in cell enlargement, apical dominance. It also prevents from bending, promotes xylem differentiation and healing of plant wounds. Applications include root initiation in callus during plant tissue culture, induction of parthenocarpy, etc.
Cytokinins : It promotes cell division, apical dominance, delay in aging, phloem transport, accumulation of salts, female flowers production. It helps in increasing the resistance to extreme temperatures and diseases. Applications include stem initiation in the callus during plant tissue culture and the development of disease resistant varieties in genetically modified crops.
Gibberellins : This promotes the fruit size, inter-nodal elongation and seed germination. Applications include production of male flowers on genetically female plants and increase in the breaking dormancy of seed, bud, tuber etc.
Abscisic Acid : It helps in the abscission of leaves and helps in reducing transpiration, inhibiting cambium activity and icreasing the bud dormancy in seed during winter. It also improves the seed development and maturation, induces flowering and helps in synthesis of carotenoids in green organs.
Ethylene : It inhibits stem elongation, promotes fruit ripening, increases the girth of the stem, reduces the speed of senescence and abscission of leaves. Applications include artificial ripening of fruits and sprouting of storage organs.
