Question

What are the main components of an ecosystem?

Answer 1

1. All the interacting organisms in an area together with its non-living components constitute an ecosystem.
2. It is a system where biotic and abiotic components interact with each other.
3. There is a continuous exchange of energy and matter between the living and nonliving components of an ecosystem.

An ecosystem has two main components: biotic components and abiotic components.

Biotic components

1. All the living organisms in an ecosystem, namely, plants, animals and microorganisms form its biotic components.
2. Depending on how they obtain their food, living organisms can be divided into three groups, namely, producers, consumers and decomposers.

Abiotic components

1. Non-living things in the environment are called its abiotic components.
2. Abiotic components include air, water, soil and climatic factors such as sunlight, temperature, humidity and wind.
3. Each of these has a specific influence on the life processes of various organisms.