What are the molecular shapes and kinds of chemical bonds that characterize the (a) primary (b) secondary, (c) tertiary and (d) quaternary structures of a protein?

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Solution

The primary structure of a protein is linear and it is formed by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids.
The primary protein structures are linked by hydrogen bonds to form a beta-pleated sheet or Alpha helix that is secondary protein structure.
Tertiary protein structures arise when there are certain attractions present between the alpha helix and beta pleated sheet while quaternary protein structure is formed when more than one polypeptide chains interact and form hydrogen bonds between them.

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