Question

What are the observations and conclusions drawn by J.J. Thomson while conducting experiments with a discharge tube for studying the properties of cathode rays?

Answer 1

J. J. Thomson experiment

1. As an electrode, J. J. Thomson used a glass tube containing two pieces of metal.
2. High voltage was applied to the air inside the chamber, with electricity flowing from the negative electrode to the positive electrode.
3. J. J. Thomson's Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) experiment is one of the most well-known physics experiments that led to the discovery of the electron.

Cathode ray tube (CRT):

1. J. J. Thomson created an evacuated glass tube.
2. At both ends of the tube, he then introduced a strong electric voltage.
3. He noticed a particle ray emanating from the negatively charged electrode and traveling to the positively charged electrode.
4. Cathode refers to the negative charge electrode, while anode refers to the positive charge electrode.
5. This ray is referred to as a cathode ray.
6. J. J. Thomson performed the Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) experiment, which led to the discovery of electrons.
   Characteristic features, such as its affinity for positive charge and charge to mass ratio, might be described by the experiment.
7. The unique approach to modeling this experiment, which used many techniques to illustrate electron mobility with accuracy and precision, was the most notable feature of this work.

Conclusion of Experiment:

1. J.J. Thomson determined that rays were and are primarily negatively charged particles present or moving around in a set of positive charges after completing the experiment.
2. This idea also aided scientists in their knowledge of atom structure. And he made the important finding that the characteristics of cathode rays or electrons were independent of the electrode material or the composition of the gas present in the cathode ray tube.
3. Overall, we can deduce from this that electrons are the fundamental element of all atoms.
4. A small nucleus, called a nucleus, contains the majority of an atom's mass and all of its positive charge.
5. The positively charged particle is known as a proton.
6. The majority of an atom's volume is made up of empty space.
7. The number of positively charged protons in the nucleus equals the number of electrons distributed outside the nucleus. This explains an atom's overall electrical neutrality.