Question

What are the parts of cells and its functions?

Answer 1

Parts of a cell:

1. Cells are membrane-bound groups of organelles that work together to allow them to function. The nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus are a few of the important organelles. Chloroplasts, which are involved in photosynthesis, are also present in plant cells.
2. Nucleus: The nucleus is a double-membraned organelle found in all eukaryotic cells. It is the largest organelle, which functions as the control center of cellular activities and is the storehouse of the cell’s DNA. By structure, the nucleus is dark, round, and surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
3. Cell wall: A cell wall is defined as a non-living component, covering the outmost layer of a cell. Its composition varies according to the organism and is permeable in nature. The cell wall separates the interior contents of the cell from the exterior environment.
4. Cell membrane: The plasma membrane is also termed a cell Membrane or cytoplasmic Membrane. It is a selectively permeable membrane of the cells, which is composed of a lipid bilayer and proteins.
5. Plasma membrane: It is present both in plant and animal cells. It functions as the selectively permeable membrane, by permitting the entry of selective materials in and out of the cell according to the requirement.
6. Ribosome: Ribosomes are non-membrane-bound and important cytoplasmic organelles found in close association with the endoplasmic reticulum.
7. Mitochondria: Mitochondria are called the powerhouses of the cell as they produce energy-rich molecules for the cell. The mitochondrial genome is inherited maternally in several organisms. It is a double membrane-bound, sausage-shaped organelle, found in almost all eukaryotic cells.
8. Chloroplast: Chloroplasts are double membrane-bound organelles, which usually vary in their shape – from a disc shape to spherical, discoid, oval, and ribbon. They are present in the mesophyll cells of leaves, which store chloroplasts and other carotenoid pigments.
9. Golgi bodies: The Golgi body comprises a 5 to 8 cup-shaped, series of compartments known as cisternae. Cisternae is a flattened, disk-shaped, stacked pouches that make up the Golgi apparatus. A Golgi stack mostly contains 4 to 8 cisternae. However, ~60 cisternae are found in some protists. A mammalian cell contains ~40 to 100 stacks of cisternae.

Functions of a cell:

1. Provides Support and Structure
2. Facilitate Growth Mitosis
3. Allows Transport of Substances
4. Energy Production
5. Aids in Reproduction