Question

What are the physical changes that resulted in the upright posture in the course of evolution of human?

Answer 1

The various factors that led to the upright posture of human beings during the course of evolution include;

i) Developing stronger and straighter legs with feet suited more for walking.
ii) Use of hands for grasping and for various other purposes.
iii) Changes that occurred in the pelvic girdle i.e. the pelvic girdle became broad basin-like structure and also changes in their associated muscles took place to support the trunk.
iv) The hole (foramen magnum) in the skull through which the spinal cord (extension of the brain) comes out, got shifted further lower (down) in the skull than it was found in the apes.