Question

What are the similarities and difference between -

(a) Natural detergents and man-made detergents

(b) Soap and synthetic detergent

(c) Bath soap and soap for washing clothes

(d) Modern cement and ancient cement

Answer 1

a.

Natural detergents	Man made detergents
1.Natural detergents refer to the substances which are naturally available and can be used as detergents.	Man made detergents are detergents which have been made by humans for their use.
2. Examples of natural detergents include soap nut (ritha) and soap pod (shikhakai).	Example of man made detergent is soap.

b.

Soap	Synthetic detergent
1. Soaps are sodium salt of fatty acids (soft soap) or potassium salts of fatty acids (hard soap).	Synthetic detergents are made up of raw materials like fats or kerosene.
2. They can be used only with soft water.	They can be used with both soft and hard water.

c.

Bath soap	Soap for washing clothes
1. It is a type of soft soap and used for bathing purposes.	It is a type of hard soap and is used for washing clothes.
2. Soft soaps are sodium salt of fatty acids.	Hard soaps are potassium salts of fatty acids.

d.

Ancient cement	Modern cement
1. It was developed by the Romans during the Roman empire.	It was developed by a British sceintist, John Smeaton.
2. It was prepared by mixig volcanic ash in moistened lime.	It is made up of materials like lime (CaO), clay, silica along with some other oxides of aluminium, iron and magnesium and gypsum (CaSO4, 2H2O).