Question

What are the similarities between colonial management of the forests in Bastar and in Java?

Answer 1

The similarities between colonial management of the forests in Bastar and Java were :

• Forest laws were enacted in Java and Bastar.
• These laws restricted villagers’ access to forests.
• Timber could be cut from only specified forests and under close supervision.
• Villagers were punished for entering forests and collecting forest products without a permit.
• Permits were issued to the villagers for entry into forests and collection of forest products.
• Both had a forest service.
• Both followed a system of forestry which was known as scientific forestry.
• In both places, Forest Acts meant severe hardship for villagers. Their everyday practices — cutting wood for their houses, grazing their cattle, collecting fruits and roots, hunting and fishing became illegal.
• Constables and forests guards began to harass people.