Question

What are the three steps of comprehensive GMO analysis techniques?

Answer 1

GMO:

1. A genetically modified organism (GMO) is the organism whose genetic structure has been altered by incorporating a gene that will express a desirable trait often termed gene splicing.
2. The genetically modified organism is one whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering.
3. Genetically modified organisms or GMOs are frequently used in foods and medicines.
4. This has led to concern about the dangers that they might cause to the environment and to human health.

The three steps of comprehensive GMO analysis techniques are :

Detection:

1. For the expression of the newly integrated genes, the GM plant developers used a limited number of regulatory elements called promoters and terminators.
2. Since these elements have been frequently used so they are ideal candidates for the screening of a large number of samples.
3. These are useful to assess whether or not a sample under the investigation is likely to contain GM-derived material.

Identification :

1. The next step in the workflow of analyzing samples that reacted positively in screening tests is the identification of the plant species and the GM events which may be present.
2. If the results of the screening tests indicate the presence of several different GM events, then they must be the first carefully analyzed to which the specific tests to be performed next to identify the GM plant with most the effective strategy.

Quantification:

1. For quantification of the GM plant material present in a sample, real-time PCR assays are commonly employed to determine the number of sequence copies of the GM target versus the reference gene target which obviously is not generating the direct weight-to-weight measurement.
2. These assays use the standard curves generated with a serial dilution of DNA of known GM content and target sequence concentration.