Question

What are the two major processes involved in the electron transport chain?

Answer 1

Electron transport chain:

1. It is a series of four complexes of proteins that undergo reduction and oxidation reactions that create an electrochemical gradient that leads to the generation of ATP.
2. It takes place inside the mitochondria.

Two major processes are involved in the electron transport chain:

Glycolysis :

1. It is the process by which glucose is broken down to produce energy.
2. It produces two molecules of pyruvate and releases ATP, NADH, and water.
3. This process takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell and does not require oxygen ( anaerobic )
4. It occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic organisms.

Citric acid cycle :

1. This is the common pathway for the complete oxidation of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids when converted to acetyl coenzyme A or other cycle intermediates.
2. The acetyl-CoA produced enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
3. The acetyl-CoA combines with the oxaloacetate (4 C compound) to form citrate (6 C compound).
4. During this cycle, two molecules of CO₂ are released and oxaloacetate is produced which is again utilized in the cycle.
5. Energy is stored in the form of ATP, NADH, and FADH₂.