Question

What are two types of bonds?

Answer 1

Chemical bond

1. Chemical bonds are formed by the reaction of two or more compounds, elements or atoms to achieve stability.
2. The chemical bonds are formed by the loss, gain, or sharing of electrons.
3. The new species make bonds with the valence shell of electrons.
4. Numerous types of bonds can be formed depending upon the individual properties.

Types of bonds

1. Basically the two types of bonds formed are ionic bonds and covalent bonds.
2. Ionic Bond: Ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons, i.e. the atom loses or gains the electron.
3. Two types of ions are formed one is a cation and the other is an anion.
4. Cations are those species that are formed by the loss of electrons and are called positive ions.
5. Anions are those species that are formed by the gain of electrons and are called negative ions.
6. Example: Sodium Chloride is the ionic compound that is formed by the Positive Sodium ion and Negative Chloride ion.
7. The electronic configuration of Sodium is $1{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{p}}^{6}3{\mathrm{s}}^1$and Chlorine is $1{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{p}}^{6}3{\mathrm{s}}^{2}3{\mathrm{p}}^5$.
8. Sodium loses its one electron to become stable and Chlorine attains one electron to achieve stability.
9. Therefore, one lost electron of Sodium is gained by a Chlorine atom.
10. The formation of a compound is depicted below:
    
    
11. Covalent bond: It is another way of making bonds through sharing.
12. The outermost electrons will take part in the sharing and bond formation.
13. Example: A water molecule is an example of a covalent bond.
14. As the outermost shell of Oxygen contains 2 electrons and thus, it requires two Hydrogen atoms to make a covalent bond.
15. The formation of a compound is depicted below: