Question

What are types of mutations?

Answer 1

Mutation:

1. A mutation may cause changes in proteins translated by the DNA.
2. Generally, the cells can recognize any damage caused by the mutation and repair it before it becomes permanent.
3. Mutations might lead to both gene mutations as well as chromosomal mutations.
4. The gene mutations usually point to mutations where mutation occurs at a singular point.
5. Gene mutations include point mutations, substitution, Insertions, deletions, and frameshift.
6. Chromosomal mutations include the insertion, deletion, duplication, or inversion of a segment of the chromosome.

Types of mutations are:

Silent mutation:

1. It is the change in the sequence of DNA, that has no further impact on the amino acid sequence in a protein or on the functions performed by that protein.
2. There is no phenotypic indicator seen of the mutation.

Nonsense mutation:

1. When nonsense mutation occurs, there is a change in the sequence of the base pair causing to code for a stop codon.
2. It results either in a shortened or non-functional protein.

Missense mutation:

1. A missense mutation is due to point mutation in the codon, which then codes for another amino acid.
2. It can lead to alteration or loss of function in proteins.

Frameshift mutation:

1. Base pair alteration causes an abnormal reading frame which ultimately results in an abnormal protein formation.
2. A specific reading frame has a start codon and also a stop codon.
3. In between both the codons, a definite coding sequence is present.

Point Mutation:

1. Change in the single base of the DNA is known as point mutation.
2. It is often known as single nucleotide polymorphism.

Insertion:

1. It is the insertion or addition of a base into the gene sequence.
2. It is often known as addition mutation.

Duplication:

1. The failure of the chromosome to separate from its homologous during meiosis is known as duplication.
2. One gamete receives an extra copy of the chromosome and the other lacks it.

Deletion:

1. When a base or some bases are deleted from the gene sequence it is known as deletion.
2. Loss of part of a chromosome takes place during deletion.

Inversion:

1. When some gene sequences are inverted and inserted back into the original sequence it is known as inversion.
2. It reverses the direction of part of a chromosome.

Translocation:

1. When the chromosome piece breaks off and reattaches to another non-homologous chromosome it is known as translocation.
2. It is a part of one attaches to another chromosome.