Question

What constitutes electricity? How does it flow in an electric circuit?What are the factors that control or regulate current through an electric circuit?

Answer 1

Dear student,

Electric current is defines as the rate of flow of charge, i.e amount of charge flowing divided by the time.
So flow of charge i.e. flow of electrons and holes constitutes the electric current.
Accumulation of electrons in the negative terminal of a battery creates a negative potential (low potential), and the deficiency of electrons in the positive terminal creates a positive potential (high potential). Hence, electrons flow from low potential to high potential.

V = IR or I = V/R (ohm's law )

so current through a circuit depends on :

1. the potential difference of the circuit ( current is directly propotional to the potential difference )

2. the resistance of the material used

resistance depends on :

1. the material used for the circuit

2.the length of the conductor ( R ∝ l )

3 the thicknes(area of cross section ) of the conductor ( R ∝ 1/A)

4. the temperature .

5.resistivity of the material used ( ρ )

Regards