Astrosat, a short form of Astronomy satellite, is a scientific satellite that is designed and constructed to be a dedicated multi-wavelength space observatory. It is India’s first of its kind. While other scientific satellites make observations through a narrow wavelength range of the electromagnetic spectrum, this satellite is capable of observing the universe through a broad range of the spectrum: visible (320–530 nm or nano meter), near ultra-violet (180–300 nm), far ultra-violet (130–180 nm), soft or low energy X-rays (0.3–8 keV, 2–10 keV) and hard or high-energy X-ray (3–80 keV and 10–150 keV) regions.
Astrosat was launched successfully on board a PSLV-XL vehicle on 28th of September 2015 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota. With the launching of this scientific satellite, India became the 5th country to have a space observatory of its own. The other four privileges countries in this regard are: US, Japan, Russia and Europe. The satellite, with a life-span of 5 years, cost only Rs.180 crores and has a scientific payload of 1513 kg. Its operations started on 15th April 2016 when it completed its performance verification.
This space observatory carries out a number of scientific studies, such as, monitoring the intensity variations from cosmic sources, monitoring the X-ray sky for new transients, sky-surveys in hard X-ray and ultra-violet bands, variability studies on X-ray sources, broad-band spectroscopic studies of X-ray binaries, clusters of galaxies, SNRs, etc.