Question

what do you mean by human settlements .how did settlements emerge ?

Answer 1

In geography, statistics and archaeology, a settlement, locality or populated place is a community in which people live. A settlement can range in size from a small number of dwellings grouped together to the largest of cities with surrounding urbanized areas. Settlements may include hamlets, villages, towns and cities. A settlement may have known historical properties such as the date or era in which it was first settled, or first settled by a particular people.

The emergence of settlements was the result of the first social division of labor, i.e. the allocation of the first farmers. Later, the separation of crafts and their concentration in certain settlements took place - the first cities arose (the so-called second social division of labor). The emergence of the cities was the result of third social division of labor, i.e. the separation of the exchange of goods from crafts.

Pre-industrial city became the center of an agricultural area and concentrated trade and crafts.

The foundation of the city from the earliest times until the industrial revolution consists of:

1. crafts,
2. trade,
3. defensive function,
4. administrative functions.

The oldest towns originated in the 5th to 2nd millennium BC in the Middle East (Mesopotamia, Iran and Egypt),