Question

What do you mean by isotopes and isobars?mention important uses of radio isotopes

Answer 1

Part 1: Isotopes

• Isotopes are the variations of the element's same atomic number but different mass numbers.
• They have the same number of electrons as well as protons but they have a different number of neutrons.
• ${}_1{}^1\mathrm{H},{}_1{}^2\mathrm{H},\mathrm{and}{}_1{}^3\mathrm{H}$ are the isotopes of $\mathrm{Hydrogen}$($\mathrm{H}$) with atomic number $1$and mass number$1,2,3$ respectively.

Part 2: Isobars

• Isotopes are atoms of different chemical elements that have the same mass number but a different atomic number.
• They have the same number of nucleons(Total number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus).
• ${}_{18}{}^{40}\mathrm{Ar},{}_{19}{}^{40}\mathrm{K},{}_{20}{}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ are the isobars with the mass number $40$ and atomic numbers $18,19,20$ respectively.

Part 3: Radioisotopes

A radioisotope is the unstable form of nuclei that releases radiation as it breaks down and becomes stable.

Uses of radioisotopes

• $\mathrm{Cobalt}-60$ is used in radiation therapy to prevent cancer.
• $\mathrm{Carbon}-14$ is used to study metabolism changes in patients with diabetes, gout, and anemia.
• $\mathrm{Sodium}-24$ is used in studying blood circulation.
• $\mathrm{Iodine}-131$is used to locate brain tumors, and monitor thyroid activity.