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Question
What do you mean by Pollution? Describe its causes and suitable measures to control it.
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Solution
Pollution is an undesirable change in physical, chemical or biological characteristics of air, land, soil or water. On the basis of part of an environment where the pollution is occurring, it is divided into following types:1. Air pollution:- It is the undesirable change in the natural characteristics of the atmosphere due to contamination by any biological, physical and chemical agent.
- Causes of air pollution:
Oxides of nitrogen and sulphur, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide from industries and automobiles exhaust, aldehydes and organic acids by incomplete oxidation of petroleum, secondary pollutants like O3, NO2, sawdust from woodworks, sprays from mechanical disintegration processes, toxicants, and heavy metals etc.- Control of air pollution:
a. Using high chimneys so that harmful gases do not disperse in the lower atmosphere.b. Using electrostatic precipitators, filters, separators to remove particulate matter.
2. Water pollution:- Water pollution occurs when water is contaminated by the addition of various organic, inorganic and other biological substances that make it hazardous.
- Causes of water pollution:
Industrial agents like free chlorine, starch, lead mineral acids, heavy metals, grease, oils, fats, Flourides etc. from various industries, various acids like sulphuric acid, dyes from chemical industries, oils from refineries, pesticides like DDT, household waste products, sewage, synthetic detergents, and fertilizers.- Control of water pollution:
a. Treatment of sewage in sewage treatment plant before discharging it into water bodies.b. Using catalytic converters in automobiles that convert NOx to N2, CO to CO2 and check SO2 emission so to as reduce the effect of acid rain.
3. Soil pollution:- It is the change in soil quality by the addition or removal of any substance which decreases its quality and productivity.
- Causes of soil pollution:
Excreta of humans, animals and birds, sewage disposal, radiological agents like rhodium, iodine, cesium etc., Industrial and urban waste, agricultural pesticides and other chemical agents.- Control of soil pollution:
a. Safe disposal and management of solid wastes.b. Integrated organic farming thus using less fertilizers.
Pollution is an undesirable change in physical, chemical or biological characteristics of air, land, soil or water.
On the basis of part of an environment where the pollution is occurring, it is divided into following types:
1. Air pollution:
- It is the undesirable change in the natural characteristics of the atmosphere due to contamination by any biological, physical and chemical agent.
- Causes of air pollution:
Oxides of nitrogen and sulphur, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide from industries and automobiles exhaust, aldehydes and organic acids by incomplete oxidation of petroleum, secondary pollutants like O3, NO2, sawdust from woodworks, sprays from mechanical disintegration processes, toxicants, and heavy metals etc.
- Control of air pollution:
a. Using high chimneys so that harmful gases do not disperse in the lower atmosphere.
b. Using electrostatic precipitators, filters, separators to remove particulate matter.
2. Water pollution:
- Water pollution occurs when water is contaminated by the addition of various organic, inorganic and other biological substances that make it hazardous.
- Causes of water pollution:
Industrial agents like free chlorine, starch, lead mineral acids, heavy metals, grease, oils, fats, Flourides etc. from various industries, various acids like sulphuric acid, dyes from chemical industries, oils from refineries, pesticides like DDT, household waste products, sewage, synthetic detergents, and fertilizers.
- Control of water pollution:
a. Treatment of sewage in sewage treatment plant before discharging it into water bodies.
b. Using catalytic converters in automobiles that convert NOx to N2, CO to CO2 and check SO2 emission so to as reduce the effect of acid rain.
3. Soil pollution:
- It is the change in soil quality by the addition or removal of any substance which decreases its quality and productivity.
- Causes of soil pollution:
Excreta of humans, animals and birds, sewage disposal, radiological agents like rhodium, iodine, cesium etc., Industrial and urban waste, agricultural pesticides and other chemical agents.
- Control of soil pollution:
a. Safe disposal and management of solid wastes.
b. Integrated organic farming thus using less fertilizers.
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