What do you observe when ammonia hydroxide is added to the aqueous solution of :

(a) $F e S O_{4}$ , (b) Iron (III) chloride,

(c) Lead nitrate, (d) Zinc nitrate ?

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Solution

(a) Dirty green ppt. of Ferrous hydroxide is formed which is insoluble in excess of NH₄OH.
FeSO_{4 (aq)}+ 2NH₄OH_(aq) → [NH₄]₂SO_4(aq) + Fe(OH)_2(s)

(b) Reddish brown ppt. of ferric hydroxide is formed which is insoluble in ammonium hydroxide.
FeCl_3(aq) + 3NH₄OH_(aq) → 3NH₄Cl_(aq) + Fe(OH)_3(s)

(c) White ppt. of lead hydroxide is formed which is insoluble in NH₄OH.
Pb(NO₃)_2(aq) + 2NH₄OH_(aq) → 2NH₄NO_3(aq) + Pb(OH)_2(s)

(d) White gelatinous ppt. of Zinc hydroxide is formed which is soluble in NH₄OH.
Zn(NO₃)_2(aq) + 2NH₄OH_(aq) → 2NH₄NO_3(aq) + Zn(OH)_2(s)

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Aqueous salt Solution	Colour of precipitate when NaOH is added in a small quantity	Nature of precipitate (soluble or insoluble) when NaOH is added in excess
Copper (II) sulphate Zinc nitrate Lead nitrate Calcium chloride Iron (III) sulphate	(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)	(vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x)

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