What does a negative e.m.f. for a cell indicate ?

Electrons flow through the external circuit in the reverse direction.

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The opposite half-cell reactions take place spontaneously.

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The reactions as written are not spontanceous

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All of the above.

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Solution

The correct option is D
All of the above.

EMF of the cell is always the difference in higher reduction potential and lower reduction potential. If the EMF is negative, it indicates that the electron flow is in the reverse direction, both the reactions are not as spontaneous as they should be.

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What does a negative e.m.f. for a cell indicate?

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