what does this statement mean: " in prokaryotic cells, in addition to genomic DNA (the single chromosome/circular DNA) many bacteria have small circular DNA outside the genomic DNA". Also, what is this genomic DNA, circular DNA and small circular DNA, single chromosome(does it mean that it has only 1 chromosome?)

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Solution

Swati the small circular DNA they are talking about is plasmid. It is the extrachromosomal DNA found in bacterial cell,which provide certain advantage/feature to bacterial cell. Genomic DNA is the DNA of bacteria that contains all its genetic information, it consist of single DNA molecule (1 chromosome), it is circular means it does not have ends, it's like a circle.

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Q. Many bacteria have small circular DNA outside the genomic DNA. This extranuclear DNA

(a) Confers certain unique phenotypic characters to bacteria.
(b) Are used to monitor bacterial transformation with foreign DNA.
(c) May attach to a single mRNA and form polysome.
(d) Are also found in all eukaryotic cells.

Q. Identify the correct statements from the following options.

1. Bacteria typically store their single standard DNA in a single, circular chromosome.
2. Bacterial DNA is present in nucleus.
3. Some bacteria have multiple chromosomes.
4. The DNA of bacteria is not associated with histones.
5. Bacteria don't have smaller, circular DNA molecules called plasmids.
6. E. coli contain only about 4.6 million base pairs compared to the average human chromosome's 139 million.

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Q. Explain the isolation of genomic (chromosomal) DNA (from bacteria/plant cell/ animal cell, by cell lysis).

Q. The region in the bacterial cell that has genomic DNA is called

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