When we breathe in, diaphragm contracts (tightens) and moves downward. This increases the space in the chest cavity, allowing lungs to expand. The intercostal muscles between the ribs also help enlarge the chest cavity. They contract to pull rib cage both upward and outward when you inhale.
As our lungs expand, air is sucked in through your nose or mouth. The air travels down your windpipe and into your lungs. After passing through your bronchial tubes, the air finally reaches and enters the alveoli (air sacs).
Through very thin walls of the alveoli, oxygen from the air passes to the surrounding capillaries (blood vessels). A red blood cell protein called hemoglobin helps move oxygen from the air sacs to the blood. (Oxygen is especially drawn to hemoglobin.)