What happens when:
(a) Acetyl chloride is reduced with hydrogen in presence of barium sulphate associated with palladium.
(b) Benzaldehyde boils with $45$ % $N a O H$ .
(c) Ammonia reacts with formaldehyde.
(d) Acetic-Acid reacts with - $P {C l}_{5}$ .

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Solution

(a) When Acetal chloride is reduced by hydrogen in presence of barium sulphate associated with paladium metal, acetaldehyde is obtained.
$C H_{3} - C O C l + 2 H P d - ---- \to B a S O_{4} C H_{3} C H O + H C l$
(b) When benzaldehyde is boiled with $45$ % solution of $N a O H$ , sodium benzoate and Benzyol alcohol are obtained.
$2 C_{6} H_{5} C H O + N a O H \to C_{6} H_{5} C O O N a + C_{6} H_{5} C H_{2} O H$
Benzaldehyde Sodium Benzoate Benzyol alcohol
(c) When ammonia reacts with formaldehyde urotropine is obtained
$6 H C H O + 4 N H_{3} \to {(C H_{2})}_{6} N_{4} + 6 H_{2} O$
Formaldehyde Urotropine
(d) When acetic acid reacts with $P {C l}_{5}$ , produces acetyl chloride.
$C H_{3} C O O H + P {C l}_{5} \to C H_{3} C O C l + P O {C l}_{3} + H C l$

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Translate the following statements into chemical equations and then balance them.

(a) Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen to form ammonia.

(b) Hydrogen sulphide gas burns in air to give water and sulphur dioxide.

(d) Potassium metal reacts with water to give potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.

Translate the following statements into chemical equations and then balance them.

(A) Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen to form ammonia

(B) Hydrogen sulphide gas burns in air to give water and sulphur dioxide.

(C) Barium chloride reacts with aluminium sulphate to give aluminium chloride and a precipitate of barium sulphate. [3 MARKS]

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