1
Question
What happens when
(i)toluene is treated with conc.HNO3 and conc.H2SO4 at 293 K?
(ii)nitrobenzene is treated with conc.HNO3 and conc.H2SO4 at 363 K?
(i)toluene is treated with conc.HNO3 and conc.H2SO4 at 293 K?
(ii)nitrobenzene is treated with conc.HNO3 and conc.H2SO4 at 363 K?
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Solution
Dear student,
The mixture of conc.HNO3 and conc.H2SO4 is called as the nitrating mixture .This mixture is responsible for generation of electrophile NO2+ (nitronium ion) .This ion undergoes electrophilic subsitution reaction and attacks on the benzene ring.
(i) toluene reacts with the nitrating mixture to form a mixture of para nitro and ortho nitro toluene .
Since the CH​3 group shows +R effect and is o/p directing , it attacks on the benzene ring at the ortho and para positions to form a mixture of ortho-nitrotoluene and para-nitrotoluene in which para being the major product.
(ii) Nitrobenezene in a meta directing group that undergoes substitution at the meta position and does not undergo nitration easily thats why a high temperature is needed.
The mixture of conc.HNO3 and conc.H2SO4 is called as the nitrating mixture .This mixture is responsible for generation of electrophile NO2+ (nitronium ion) .This ion undergoes electrophilic subsitution reaction and attacks on the benzene ring.
(i) toluene reacts with the nitrating mixture to form a mixture of para nitro and ortho nitro toluene .
Since the CH​3 group shows +R effect and is o/p directing , it attacks on the benzene ring at the ortho and para positions to form a mixture of ortho-nitrotoluene and para-nitrotoluene in which para being the major product.
(ii) Nitrobenezene in a meta directing group that undergoes substitution at the meta position and does not undergo nitration easily thats why a high temperature is needed.
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