In genetics, the most recent (matrilineal) common ancestor (MRCA) for modern humans is mitochondrial eve (or mt-MRCA) while the analogous male counterpart is Y-chromosomal adam (or Y-MRCA).
In other words, mt-MRCA is the most recent woman where all living humans have descended in an unbroken line through their mother and through the mothers of those mothers.
Similarly, Y-MRCA is the most recent man through which all living humans are patrilineally descended.
Another important fact to note is that since the identities of Y-MRCA and mt-MRCA entirely rely on genealogical history, they may not have lived at the same time.