What impact does atmospheric refraction have on sunrise and sunset?

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Solution

The sun is visible to us about two minutes before the actual sunrise, and about two minutes after the actual sunset. This is because of atmospheric refraction, which is due to the apparent flattening of the sun’s disc at sunrise and sunset.

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The apparent flattening of sunrise and sunset is due to atmospheric refraction.

How much time from sunrise to sunset is lengthened because of atmospheric refraction?

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