Question

what is a passive and active process in xylem and phloem respectively?

Answer 1

Passive transport is the movement of molecules along the concentration gradient, i.e., from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Energy is not required in passive transport.
Active transport is the movement of molecules against the concentration gradient, i.e., from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. Energy in the form of ATPs is consumed.