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Question
What is an electric motor ? State its principle.
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Solution
Almost every mechanical movement that we see around us is accomplished by an electric motor. Electric machines are a means of converting energy. Motors take electrical energy and produce mechanical energy. Electric motors are used to power hundreds of devices we use in everyday life. The input is electrical energy (from the supply source), and the output is mechanical energy (to the load).
Electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy by a d.c. motor.
Principle of a simple electric motor:
When a rectangular coil carrying current is placed in a magnetic field, a torque acts on the coil which rotates it continuously. When the coil rotates, the shaft attached to it also rotates and thus it is able to do mechanical work. The main parts of electric motor are the magnets, armature, split ring commutators and brushes. The armature consists of a rectangular coil made of insulated copper wire wound on a soft iron core. The coil is mounted on an axle and is placed between the cylindrical concave poles of a magnet. The commutator is used to reverse the direction of flow of current. It is a copper ring split into two parts P and Q. The split rings are insulated from each other and mounted on the axle of the motor. The two ends of the coil are soldered to these rings. They rotate along with the coil. Commutator rings are connected to a battery. The wires from the battery are not connected to the rings but to the brushes which are in contact with the rings. The brushes are two small strips of carbon, which press slightly against the two split rings, and the split rings rotate between the brushes. The carbon brushes are connected to a D.C. source.
Electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy by a d.c. motor.
Principle of a simple electric motor:
When a rectangular coil carrying current is placed in a magnetic field, a torque acts on the coil which rotates it continuously. When the coil rotates, the shaft attached to it also rotates and thus it is able to do mechanical work. The main parts of electric motor are the magnets, armature, split ring commutators and brushes. The armature consists of a rectangular coil made of insulated copper wire wound on a soft iron core. The coil is mounted on an axle and is placed between the cylindrical concave poles of a magnet. The commutator is used to reverse the direction of flow of current. It is a copper ring split into two parts P and Q. The split rings are insulated from each other and mounted on the axle of the motor. The two ends of the coil are soldered to these rings. They rotate along with the coil. Commutator rings are connected to a battery. The wires from the battery are not connected to the rings but to the brushes which are in contact with the rings. The brushes are two small strips of carbon, which press slightly against the two split rings, and the split rings rotate between the brushes. The carbon brushes are connected to a D.C. source.
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