Pteridophytes are a type of vascular plant that reproduces by means of spores.
They are also known as cryptogams since they do not produce flowers or seeds.
Pteridophytes are also called tracheophytes because they have a specialised tissues for water and nutrition transport.
Xylem and phloem are the names for these specialised issues.
Apospory:
Apospory is the generation of gametophytes from vegetative cells or portions of the sporophyte without the need for myotic division and spore formation.
Apospory develops in pteridophytes that have a mineral nutrition shortage due to insufficient minerals in the soil.
In the year 1884, Druery discovered it in the plant Athyrium foemina var.
Apospory is more likely to occur when the leaves of the pteridophyte develop in low light.