What is calcination? Explain it with reactions.

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Solution

Calcination: It is a process in which the ore is heated to a high temperature below the melting point of metal in absence of air or limited supply of air.
The change that takes place during calcination with reactions are:
$∙$ Moisture and water from hydrated ores, volatile impurities and organic matter are removed.
$∙$ Ore becomes porous.
$∙$ Carbonates decompose to oxides.
$Z n C O_{3} Δ \to Z n O + C O_{2}$
$C u C O_{3} Δ \to C u O + C O_{2}$
$C a C O_{3} Δ \to C a O + C O_{2}$
$C a C O_{3} (D o l o m i t e), M g C O_{3} Δ \to C a O + M g O + 2 C O_{2}$
$2 F e_{2} O_{3} 3 H_{2} O Δ \to 2 F e_{2} O_{3 (s)} + 3 H_{2} O$ .

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