Through photosynthesis, plants can only make glucose but they need other biomolecules like complex carbohydrates like sucrose, cellulose , amino acids and proteins and fats for growth and development.
To synthesise these they require the macro and micro nutrients. Macro nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorous, sulphur are required for synthesise of biomolecules like amino acids, proteins and fats.
Micro nutrients like copper, magnesium, molybdenum are required as co-factors for enzymes or catalysts for biochemical reactions.