Question

What is dipole -dipole attraction and dipole-induced dipole?

Answer 1

Dipole-induced Dipole forces:-

$\to$Weak interaction or attraction that results when a polar molecule induces a dipole in an atom or in a non-polar molecule by disturbing the arrangement of electron in non-polar species.

(Image 1)

Eg: Interaction between $H_{2}O$ (polar ) and $C{Cl}_4$ (non-polar)

Eg: Interaction between $H_{2}O$ and $Xe$

(image 2)

Dipole-dipole interaction

$\to$Due to asymmetrical electron cloud/charge distribution because of electronegativity difference results in formation of pole; one side has $\delta +$ charge and other has $\delta -$ charge

$\to$ The attraction between $\delta -$ pole of one molecule and $\delta +$ of other molecule is called dipole-dipole interaction.

(Image 3)

Eg: Interaction between $N{H}_3,S{O}_2,H-F,H_{2}S$ etc

$\to$Magnitude of this interaction depends on dipole moment of molecule concerned

$\to$Greater the dipole moment, greater is dipole-dipole interaction.

$\to$ Gases can be easily liquefied because of this attractive interaction.