The phrase exhaust refers to the complete utilization of something or finishing up of something. Similarly, resources that deplete or replenish after a few hundred years are referred to as exhaustible resources.
Exhaustible resources, often known as non-renewable resources, are few and quickly depleted. Fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, oil, natural gas, and minerals like iron, copper etc. are extremely scarce in nature unlike renewable resources like sunlight which cannot be exhausted.