Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are fragments of mRNA sequences derived through single sequencing reactions performed on randomly selected clones from cDNA libraries.
To identify all the genes that are expressed in the cell as RNA molecules.
The human genome project is a comprehensive international effort that was started in the year 1990 by molecular biologists to map the entire human genome by determining the complete nucleotide sequence of DNA of each chromosome (22 autosomes and X and Y sex chromosomes).