Question

What is fermentation?

Answer 1

Fermentation is an anaerobic process in which energy can be released from glucose even if oxygen is not available. Fermentation occurs in yeast cells and bacteria and also in the muscles of animals. It is an anaerobic pathway in which glucose is broken down.

There are three different types of fermentation:

• Lactic Acid Fermentation -In this, starch or sugar is converted into lactic acid by yeast strains and bacteria. During exercise, energy expenditure is faster than the oxygen supplied to the muscle cells. This results in the formation of lactic acid and painful muscles.
• Alcohol Fermentation - Pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis is broken down into alcohol and carbon dioxide. Wine and beer are produced by alcoholic fermentation.
• Acetic Acid Fermentation - Starch and sugar present in grains and fruits ferment into vinegar and condiments. E.g. apple cider vinegar.