Question

What is Group 13 on the periodic table called?

Answer 1

Group 13 is known as the Boron family. The features of Group 13 are as given below:

1. The periodic table's Group 13 includes semi-metal Boron ($\mathrm{B}$), and metals Aluminium ($\mathrm{Al}$), Gallium ($\mathrm{Ga}$), Indium ($\mathrm{In}$), Thallium ($\mathrm{Tl}$), and maybe the chemically uncharacterized Ununtrium ($\mathrm{Uut}$).
2. These are p block elements with a valency of 3 and a general electronic configuration ${\mathrm{ns}}^2{\mathrm{np}}^1$ and except for heavier elements like $\mathrm{Tl}$, which prefer the $+1$ oxidation state due to its stability, the $+3$ oxidation states are preferred; this is known as the inert pair effect.
3. Icosagens and Triels are terms used to describe these elements. Triel is a contraction of tri- (three) and element, and it relates to the periodic system's third main group (main Group 3). Because of the peculiarity of boron among the elements in the structural intricacy of its allotropic alterations, it was given the name icosahedron (20-sided regular polyhedron) and -gen (from the Greek "to generate"). The B12 icosahedron is the structural unit that dominates the various allotropes of boron.
4. These elements belong to the period 2 to 7 with the valence shell of 2 to 7. Only six electrons (in three molecular orbitals) can be placed on the valence shell of these elements. The group's members are all classified as trivalent.
5. Boron is the fifth element in the periodic table with atomic number 5 and it is a combination of metals and nonmetals, it is categorized as a metalloid.
6. The third most prevalent element in the earth's crust is aluminium (also known as aluminium). It's often used as an aluminium foil in the home, in crafts like dyeing and pottery, and in construction to manufacturing alloys. The metal is bluish-white and ductile in its purest form. It is a good heat and electrical conductor and is used in some wiring. It's too soft to use in the building when it's pure, but adding modest amounts of silicon and iron hardens it greatly.
7. Gallium is a chemical element in the periodic table with the atomic number 31. It belongs to the Boron family (group 13) and is from the fourth period. The word "Gallium" comes from the Latin word "Gallia," which means "Gaul." Gallium (III) salt can be produced in small amounts from bauxite and zinc ores, although the element Gallium does not exist in nature.
8. Indium has the atomic number 49 and the chemical symbol In. It can be in the $+1$ or $+3$ oxidation states, however, the $+3$ is more frequent. It is a pliable, soft metal identical to gallium. Indium is used to make InAs forms, which are used in optical photoconductors. The silver-white hue of indium and the "tin cry" it emits when twisted are two of its physical features. At room temperature, indium is soluble in acids but does not react with oxygen.
9. Thallium is a chemical element with the atomic number 81. It has an oxidation state of $+3$ or $+1$. Because Thallium is heavy, it is more stable in the $+1$ oxidation state, as previously indicated (inert pair effect). As a result, it is more typically found in its +1 oxidation state. Thallium is a soft, pliable metal.
10. Four atoms of element 113 were generated in 2004 by the decay of element 115 after the fusion of Ca-48 and Am-243, according to findings released jointly by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the United States.