What is haber's process
On an industrial scale, ammonia is prepared by Haber’s process. The constituents of ammonia –N2 & H2 combine in a ratio of 1:3.
1N2 + 3H2 ↔ 2NH3 ΔH = -92.2 KJ mol-1
The reaction proceeds in the forward direction with a remarkable decrease in volume & the reaction is exothermic. Hence, in accordance with Le Chatlier’s principle, high pressure and low temperature favor the better yield of ammonia. Thus, a high pressure of 200 to 300 atmospheres, an optimum temperature of about 700 Kelvin and the catalyst iron oxide along with a promoter, alumina, are used to obtain better yields of ammonia.
Uses of ammonia:
Liquid ammonia is used as a refrigerant.
It is used to manufacture fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate and ammonium phosphate.
It is also used in the manufacture of certain industrially important chemicals such as nitric acid, baking soda and washing soda.
On an industrial scale, ammonia is prepared by Haber’s process. The constituents of ammonia –N2 & H2 combine in a ratio of 1:3.
1N2 + 3H2 ↔ 2NH3 ΔH = -92.2 KJ mol-1
The reaction proceeds in the forward direction with a remarkable decrease in volume & the reaction is exothermic. Hence, in accordance with Le Chatlier’s principle, high pressure and low temperature favor the better yield of ammonia. Thus, a high pressure of 200 to 300 atmospheres, an optimum temperature of about 700 Kelvin and the catalyst iron oxide along with a promoter, alumina, are used to obtain better yields of ammonia.
Uses of ammonia:
Liquid ammonia is used as a refrigerant.
It is used to manufacture fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate and ammonium phosphate.
It is also used in the manufacture of certain industrially important chemicals such as nitric acid, baking soda and washing soda.
