Question

What is meant by ecological succession ? Differentiate between pioneer community and climax community.

Answer 1

Ecological succession is the gradual process by which ecosystems change and develop over time. Nothing remains the same and habitats are constantly changing. Succession takes place because through the processes of living, growing and reproducing, organisms interact with and affect the environment within an area, gradually changing it. There are two main types of succession, primary and secondary.

• Pioneer community: It is the first biotic community which develops in bare area. It is established over a previously bare area. Pioneer community consists of a fewer small sized organisms. The area is hostile for pioneer community.
• Climax community: It is final biotic community that develops in an area. It occurs over an area previously occupied by serai communities. It consists of numerous large and small sized organisms. The area is favourable for the climax community.