Question

What is meant by hybridisation of atomic orbitals? Describe the shapes of $sp$, $s{p}^2$, $s{p}^3$ hybrid orbitals :

Answer 1

The process of intermixing of the orbitals of slightly different energies so as to redistribute their energies resulting in the formation of new set of orbitals of equivalent energies and shapes.

The new orbitals are called hybrid (or hybridized) orbitals. Thus, one $s$ orbital and one p orbital combine to form $2sp$ hybrid orbitals of equivalent shapes and energies.

The shapes of $sp$, $s{p}^2$ and $s{p}^3$ hybrid orbitals are linear, trigonal planar and tetrahedral respectively.