The branch of physics which deals the study of the earth's magnetic field is called terrestrial magnetism.
Poles of a bar magnet are located at their two ends.
The magnetic pole is the region at each end of a magnet where the external magnetic field is the strongest.
When a bar magnet is suspended in the Earth’s magnetic field orients itself in a north-south direction. The north-seeking pole of such magnet, or any similar pole, is called a north magnetic pole.
The north pole of the earth's magnet is in the geographical south because it attracts the south pole of the suspended magnet.