Question

What are Personal Error, Instrumental Error, and Random Error? Explain by giving an example?

Answer 1

Personal error:

1. Personal error refers to flaws introduced by the observer.
2. For example carelessness in taking observations, and so on.

Instrumental Error:

1. Instrumental error is a type of error that occurs when the calibration of an instrument is incorrect.
2. This type of error can be caused by, for example, incorrectly zeroing an instrument.

Random Error:

1. Random error refers to errors that occur as a result of changes in the conditions under which an experiment is carried out.
2. The pressure of any gas used in the experiment, for example, could change, or the voltage of the power source could fluctuate at random, and so on.