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Question

What is protonema?


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Solution

Protonema:

  1. In bryophytes such as mosses, the gametophyte has three stages of development namely, the spore, protonema, and the leafy gametophore.
  2. The spore germinates to form multicellular, branched, and chlorophyll-rich filaments called protonema.
  3. The protonema branches out to produce buds which form the leafy gametophore.

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