Question

What is shielding effect and screening effect?

Answer 1

Effective Nuclear charge

• The outermost (valance) electron's effective nuclear charge is specified as its charge.
• In addition, the electron or multi-electron considers the number of sheltering electrons that circle the nucleus.

The screening or shielding effect:

• When the number of inner electrons is greater, they shelter the outermost electron from the nucleus, allowing it to neglect the nuclear pull to some extent.
• This is referred to as the shielding or screening effect.
• The electrons in the valence shell are pulled to the nucleus in a multielectron atom, and these electrons are repulsed by the electrons in the inner shells.
• As a result of the repulsive forces acting in opposite directions, the actual force of attraction between the nucleus and the valence electrons is slightly reduced.
• The screening effect or shielding effect refers to the decrease in the nucleus's force of attraction on valence electrons due to the existence of electrons in the inner shells.