Question

What is soil erosion? Give the main reasons for soil erosion and methods by which it can be reduced.

Answer 1

The removal of the fertile top layers of soil by running water or wind is termed as soil erosion. The main reasons for accelerated soil erosion are:

1. Deforestation: Once trees are felled, the soil is left loose and can be removed easily by running water or wind.
2. Overgrazing: The soil is then poorly bound and can be removed by wind or water.
3. Floods and heavy rains: Floods and heavy rains wash away large amounts of soil , particularly when there are no trees and the land is barren.
4. Poor farming practises: Improper farming on hill sides makes soil more vulnerable to erosion by wind or water.

Soil erosion can be minimized by:

1. The growth of trees binds soil and minimizes erosion, known as afforestation.
2. Building of dams may also help to stop the flow of water during heavy rains.
3. Method of terrace farming should be used in hilly areas to minimize loss of soil on sloping terrain.