Question

What is speciation ? Describe in brief the factors that control the process of speciation.

Answer 1

Formation of distinct and new species during the evolutionary process is called as speciation.

Factors that control the process of speciation:-

• Geographical isolation:- Is a term that refers to a population of animals, plants or other organisms that are separated from exchanging genetic material with other organisms of the same species.
• Genetic drift:- Variation in the relative frequency of different phenotype in a small population, owing to the chance disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce.
• Natural selection:- Is a central concept of evolution.
• Reduction in Gene flow:- Gene flow or migration between two populations will help maintain similarities between the species, thus preventing (or slowing down) the process of speciation.