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Neuron

What is the b...

Question

What is the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system?

A

Neuron

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B

Nerve impulse

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C

Brain

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D

Spinal cord

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Solution

The correct option is A
Neuron

The smallest functional unit of the nervous system is known as a neuron. A neuron is a specialized cell which transmits impulses. Its main function is to process and transmit information in the form of chemical or electrical signals. Neurons are the basic cells that make up the entire nervous system.

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Similar questions

Q. Assertion: All motor neurons carry nerve impulses from the spinal cord to the brain.

Reason: Motor neurons conduct nerve impulses from the spinal cord to the brain.

Q. In development, nervous system (brain, spinal cord, nerve cells) is

Q. Name the following:

(i) Nervous system including brain and spinal cord.
(ii) Sympathetic and parasympathetic jointly forms.
(iii) Terminal end of spinal cord.
(iv) The third neurone that is involved in reflexes, other than simple reflex.
(v) Study of structure and functions of nervous system.
(vi) Nerve which carry impulse from sensory receptor to CNS.
(vii) The nerve which carry impulse from CNS to muscles.
(viii) The peripheral matter of spinal nerve.
(ix) The peripheral matter of the brain.
(x) Outermost meningial membrane of spinal cord.
(xi) Structural and metabolic unit of nervous tissue.
(xii) The biological term given to the protective membranes of the brain.
(xiii) Cavity in which brain is situated.
(xiv) The neobrain.
(xv) The important centre of emotion.
(xvi) Paired lobes of midbrain related to the vision.
(xvii) Paired lobes of the brain related to the sense of smell.
(xviii) Fissure between the cerebral hemispheres.
(xix) Inability to write.
(xx) The busiest organ of the body.
(xxi) Inability to speak.
(xxii) The longest cranial nerve.
(xxiii) Thoracolumber region of spinal cord form.
(xxiv) Highly branched axon's end.
(xxv) Neuron only with axon.
(xxvi) White part of the eye.
(xxvii) Short sightedness.
(xxviii) Part of internal ear related to balance.
(xxix) The photosensitive pigment present in the rod cells of the retina.

Differentiate between the following pairs with reference to the aspect in brackets.

(a) Cerebrum and cerebellum (function).

(b) Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system (overall effect on the body).

(c) Sensory nerve and motor nerve (direction of impulse carried).

(d) Medulla oblongata & Cerebellum (function).

(e) Cerebrum and spinal cord (arrangement of cytons and axons of neurons).

Q. Rearrange the following in the correct sequence pertaining to what is given within brackets at the end.
(a) Effector Sensory neuron Receptor Motor neuron Stimulus Central nervous system Response (Reflex arc)
(b) Repolarisation Depolarisation Resting (polarised) (during conduction of nerve impulse through a nerve fibre)
(c) Axon endings Nucleus Dendrites Axon Perikaryon Dendron (Neuron structure)
(d) Diencephalon Cerebellum Medulla oblongata Pons Cerebrum mid brain (sequence of parts of human brain).

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