C3 plants
The first stable product formed during atmospheric
CO2 fixation is 3-carbon (3- phosphoglyceric acid).
Hence, the name C3 cycle.
C4 plants
The first stable product formed during atmospheric CO2 fixation is 4- carbon (oxaloacetate). Hence, the name C4 cycle.
Final answer
Based on the number of carbon present in the first stable product of CO2 fixation.