An ideal body or surface that absorbs all radiant energy falling on it without reflection and radiates at all frequencies with a spectral energy distribution dependent on its absolute temperature is known as black body temperature.
A black body is a surface that absorbs all radiant energy falling on it.
A black body looks black at room temperature.
The temperature of a body's surface (such as a planet's surface, like the Earth) if it were not warmed by its own atmosphere. The Stefan–Boltzmann equation can be used to calculate it.
The Earth's black body temperature is but the actual surface temperature is around
The difference is the amount by which the planet is warmed by the natural greenhouse effect caused by the absorption of radiation within its atmosphere.