BOD stands for biological oxygen demand which is the measure of oxygen requirement by microorganisms to break down the organic compounds available in the water.
The breakdown or decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms requires oxygen.
The decomposition results in the production of waste that makes the water polluted or impure.
BOD is more if the requirement of oxygen is more for the decomposition of the organic substances.
The level of BOD is high in polluted water whereas it is less for clean water.